Democracy vs republic meaning10/30/2023 Most federal republics codify the division of powers between orders of government in a written constitutional document. This more decentralized structure helps to explain the tendency for more populous countries to operate as federal republics. A federal republic is thus best defined in contrast to a unitary republic, whereby the central government has complete sovereignty over all aspects of political life. ![]() However, views differ on what issues should be a federal competence, and subdivisions usually have sovereignty in some matters where the federal government does not have jurisdiction. While each federal republic manages this division of powers differently, common matters relating to security and defense, and monetary policy are usually handled at the federal level, while matters such as infrastructure maintenance and education policy are usually handled at the regional or local level. In a federal republic, a division of powers exists between the federal government and the government of the individual subdivisions. ![]() At its core, the literal meaning of the word republic when used to reference a form of government means: "a country that is governed by elected representatives and by an elected leader (such as a president) rather than by a monarch". A federal republic is a federation of states with a republican form of government.
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